Margrethe II of Denmark
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monarchical styles of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Reference style | Her Majesty |
| Spoken style | Your Majesty |
| Alternative style | Ma'am |
Margrethe II (Margrethe Alexandrine Þórhildur Ingrid, sometimes anglicised as Margaret II) (born 16 April 1940) is the queen regnant of Denmark. In 1972 she became the first female monarch of Denmark since Margaret I, ruler of the Scandinavian countries 1388-1412 during the Kalmar Union.
Contents |
Early life
Princess Margrethe was born at Amalienborg Palace, to Crown Prince Frederik and Crown Princess Ingrid. She was baptised on 14 May 1940. Since King Christian X was also the King of Iceland at the time, as a tribute to the people of Iceland, the Princess was given an Icelandic name, Þórhildur (spelled with the Icelandic thorn character, simplified as "th"). This middle name is sometimes anglicized as "Thorhildur."[1]
Margrethe has two younger sisters: Princess Benedikte (born 1944), who lives in Germany, and Queen Anne-Marie of Greece (born 1946), who lives in London.
The princess's godparents were King Christian X of Denmark, Prince Knud of Denmark, Prince Axel of Denmark, King Gustaf V of Sweden, Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden, Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden, The Duke of Connaught.
Queen Margrethe II's official motto is: God's help, the love of The People, Denmark's strength.[2]
Heiress presumptive
Margrethe was not born to be Monarch. At the time of her birth, only males could ascend the throne of Denmark, owing to the changes in succession laws enacted in the 1850s when the Glücksburg branch was chosen to succeed. As she had no brothers, it was assumed that her uncle Knud would one day assume the throne.
The process of changing the constitution started in 1947, when it became clear that Queen Ingrid would have no more children. At this time, Margrethe's uncle Prince Knud was the Heir Presumptive, but the popularity of Frederik and his daughters and the more prominent role of women in Danish life started the complicated process of altering the constitution. That proposal had to be passed by two Parliaments in succession and then by a referendum, which was held on 27 March 1953. The new Act of Succession permitted female succession to the throne of Denmark, according to cognatic primogeniture, where a female can ascend to the throne only if she does not have a brother. Princess Margrethe therefore became the Heiress Presumptive.
On her eighteenth birthday, 16 April 1958, the Heiress Presumptive was given a seat in the Council of State, and the Princess subsequently chaired the meetings of the Council in the absence of the King.
Education and marriage
She studied prehistoric archaeology at Girton College, Cambridge during 1960–61, political science at Aarhus University between 1961–1962, at the Sorbonne in 1963, and at the London School of Economics in 1965, and is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London.
On 10 June 1967, Princess Margrethe of Denmark married a French diplomat, Count Henri de Laborde de Monpezat, at the Naval Church of Copenhagen. Laborde de Monpezat received the style and title of "His Royal Highness Prince Henrik of Denmark" because of his new position as the spouse of the Heiress Presumptive to the Danish throne.
Reign
King Frederik IX died in 1972. On the occasion of her accession to the throne on 14 January 1972, Queen Margrethe II became the first female Danish Sovereign under the new Act of Succession.
In mid-1960, together with the Princesses of Sweden and Norway, she traveled to the United States, which included a visit to Los Angeles, California, and to the Paramount Studios, where they were met by several celebrities, including Dean Martin, Jerry Lewis and Elvis Presley. She is an accomplished artist and costume designer. She suffers from arthritis and has had both her knees replaced as a result.
In 2008 the Queen announced that her male-line descendants would bear the additional title of Count or Countess of Monpezat.
She is the 1,188th Dame of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Spain and the 961st Lady of the Order of the Garter.
Kinship with European counterparts
Belgium: King Albert II of Belgium and Queen Margrethe are both descendants of King Oscar II of Sweden. Albert is his great grandson and Margrethe is his great great granddaughter.
Greece: King Constantine II of Greece and Queen Margrethe are both great great grandchildren of King Christian IX of Denmark.
Liechtenstein: Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein and Queen Margrethe are both descendants of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria. Hans-Adam is his great great great grandson and Margrethe is his great great great great granddaughter.
Luxembourg: Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg and Queen Margrethe are both descendants of King Frederik VIII of Denmark. Henri is his great great grandson and Margrethe is his great granddaughter.
Monaco: Prince Albert II of Monaco and Queen Margrethe are both descendants of Margrave Karl Ludwig of Baden. Albert is his great great great great great grandson and Margrethe is his great great great great great great granddaughter.
Netherlands: Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and Queen Margrethe are both descendants of Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Beatrix is his great granddaughter and Margrethe is his great great granddaughter.
Norway: King Harald V of Norway and Queen Margrethe are both great grandchildren of King Frederik VIII of Denmark.
Spain: King Juan Carlos of Spain and Queen Margrethe are both great great grandchildren of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
Sweden: King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden and Queen Margrethe are both grandchildren of King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden.
United Kingdom: Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and Queen Margrethe are both great great granddaughters of Queen Victoria of United Kingdom and King Christian IX of Denmark.
Constitutional role
After an election where the incumbent Prime Minister does not have a majority behind him, a “Dronningerunde” (Queen's meeting) between the chairmen of each of the Danish political parties attends a meeting with the monarch.
Each party has the choice of selecting a Royal Investigator to lead these negotiations or alternatively, give the incumbent Prime Minister the mandate to continue his government as is.
In theory each party could choose its own leader as Royal Investigator, the globalistic party Det Radikale Venstre did so in 2006, but often only one Royal Investigator is chosen plus the Prime Minister, before each election.
The leader who, at that meeting succeeds in securing a majority of the seats in the Folketing, is by royal decree charged with the task of forming a new government. (It has never happened in more modern history that any party has held a majority on its own.)
Once the government has been formed, it is formally appointed by the Queen. Officially, it is the Queen who is the head of government, and she therefore presides over the Council of State, where the acts of legislation which have been passed by the parliament are signed into law.
The Queen's main tasks are to represent the Kingdom abroad and to be a unifying figurehead at home. The queen performs the latter task by accepting invitations to open exhibitions, attending anniversaries, inaugurating bridges, etc. As an unelected public official, the Queen takes no part in party politics and does not express any political opinions. In addition to her roles in her own country, the queen is also the Colonel-in-Chief of the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment (Queen's and Royal Hampshires), an infantry regiment of the British Army, following a tradition in her family.
The Queen is an accomplished painter, and has held many art shows over the years. It is said that were she not the queen, she could make a living as a professional artist. Her illustrations—under the pseudonym Ingahild Grathmer—were used for the Danish edition of The Lord of the Rings published in 1977 and the re-issue in 2002. She is also an accomplished translator and is said to have participated in the Danish translation of The Lord of the Rings. She also designs some of her own clothes. Margrethe is a chain smoker, and she is famous for her tobacco habit. However, on 23 November 2006 the Danish newspaper B.T. reported an announcement from the Royal Court stating that the queen would never again be seen smoking in public. Still, the queen does continue to smoke but in the future she will do so only privately. The announcement is probably due to the fact that the Danish parliament recently has decided on strict rules concerning smoking.[3]
A statement in a 2005 authorized biography about the Queen (entitled Margrethe) focused on Islam: "We are being challenged by Islam these years. Globally as well as locally. There is something impressive about people for whom religion imbues their existence, from dusk to dawn, from cradle to grave. There are also Christians who feel this way. There is something endearing about people who give themselves up completely to their faith. But there is likewise something frightening about such a totality, which also is a feature of Islam. A counterbalance has to be found, and one has to, at times, run the risk of having unflattering labels placed on you. For there are some things for which one should display no tolerance. And when we are tolerant, we must know whether it is because of convenience or conviction."[4]
Family
The Queen and The Prince Consort have two children and five grandchildren:
- His Royal Highness Frederik André Henrik Christian, Crown Prince of Denmark, Count of Monpezat, born on 26 May 1968. He was married on 14 May 2004 to Mary Elizabeth Donaldson, who was born on 5 February 1972. They have two children:
- His Royal Highness Prince Christian Valdemar Henri John of Denmark, Count of Monpezat, born on 15 October 2005.
- Her Royal Highness Princess Isabella Henrietta Ingrid Margrethe of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat, born on 21 April 2007.
- His Royal Highness Prince Joachim Holger Waldemar Christian of Denmark, Count of Monpezat, born on 7 June 1969. He was married on 18 November 1995 to Alexandra Christina Manley, who was born on 30 June 1964. They divorced on 8 April 2005. He was married on 24 May 2008 to Marie Agathe Odile Cavallier, who was born on 6 February 1976. He has three sons:
- His Highness Prince Nikolai William Alexander Frederik of Denmark, Count of Monpezat, born on 28 August 1999.
- His Highness Prince Felix Henrik Valdemar Christian of Denmark, Count of Monpezat, born on 22 July 2002.
- His Highness Prince Henrik Carl Joachim Alain of Denmark, Count of Monpezat, born on 4 May 2009.
Ancestry
| Ancestors of Margrethe II of Denmark | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Patrilineal descent
Margrethe's patriline is the line from which she is descended father to son. Patrilineal descent is the principle behind membership in royal houses, as it can be traced back through the generations - which means that if Margrethe II were to choose an historically accurate house name it would be Oldenburg.
- Egilmar I of Lerigau, dates unknown
- Egilmar II of Lerigau, d. 1142
- Christian I of Oldenburg, d. 1167
- Moritz of Oldenburg, d. 1209
- Christian II of Oldenburg, d. 1233
- John I, Count of Oldenburg, d. 1275
- Christian III, Count of Oldenburg, d. 1285
- John II, Count of Oldenburg, d. 1314
- Conrad I, Count of Oldenburg, 1300–1347
- Christian V, Count of Oldenburg, 1340–1423
- Dietrich, Count of Oldenburg, 1398–1440
- Christian I of Denmark, 1426–1481
- Frederick I of Denmark, 1471–1533
- Christian III of Denmark, 1503–1559
- John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, 1545–1622
- Alexander, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, 1573–1627
- August Philipp, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, 1612–1675
- Frederick Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, 1653–1728
- Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, 1696–1775
- Prince Karl Anton August of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, 1727–1759
- Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, 1757–1816
- Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, 1785–1831
- Christian IX of Denmark, 1818–1906
- Frederick VIII of Denmark, 1843–1912
- Christian X of Denmark, 1870–1947
- Frederick IX of Denmark, 1899–1972
- Margrethe II of Denmark, b. 1940
See also
References
- ↑ "Those Apprentice Kings and Queens Who May -- One Day -- Ascend a Throne," New York Times. 14 November 1971.
- ↑ "The Danish Monarchy". http://kongehuset.dk/publish.php?dogtag=k_en_fam_oue. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
- ↑ bt.dk
- ↑ telegraph.co.uk
External links
- Royal House of Denmark and Royal House of Iceland
- The Ancestry of Henri de Laborde de Monpezat
- The Queen's Homepage
- The Official Website of The Danish Monarchy
- Margrethe II of Denmark at Genealogics
- Illustrations - Lord of the Rings
|
Margrethe II
House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Cadet branch of the House of Oldenburg
Born: 16 April 1940 |
||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Frederick IX |
Queen of Denmark 1972 – present |
Incumbent Heir: Crown Prince Frederik |
| British royalty | ||
| Preceded by Carl Johan Bernadotte |
Line of succession to the British Throne 219th position |
Succeeded by The Crown Prince of Denmark |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||